Who is directly responsible for the safe operation of an aircraft?

The Pilot-in-Command (PIC) holds the ultimate authority and responsibility for the safe operation of an aircraft. This role encompasses making critical decisions regarding flight safety, navigation, communication with air traffic control, and addressing any emergencies that may arise during the flight. The PIC is tasked with ensuring that all conduct during the flight adheres to regulations, and maintains the safety of both passengers and crew.

While other crew members, such as the First Officer, Flight Attendant, and Flight Engineer, play essential roles in supporting the operation and maintaining safety protocols, their responsibilities are supplementary to that of the Pilot-in-Command. The First Officer assists the PIC and can make decisions, but they always operate under the authority of the PIC. Flight Attendants focus on passenger safety and comfort, and Flight Engineers, if present, assist with systems management but do not have the final say in operations. Ultimately, the accountability for the aircraft's safety rests with the PIC, reinforcing their central role in aviation operations.