Which countermeasure is associated with the execution phase of CRM?

The correct choice associated with the execution phase of Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Instructions for Operations Management (IOM). During the execution phase of CRM, the emphasis is on ensuring that all crew members are adhering to established protocols and procedures that dictate how specific tasks should be performed under normal and emergency conditions.

SOPs are crucial in providing a standardized approach to various operational aspects, ensuring safety and efficiency in decision-making and actions taken by the crew. They serve as a reference for how to respond to different situations and help mitigate risks by minimizing variability in operations. The IOM complements this by offering guidelines on effectively managing operations, further reinforcing the importance of adhering to established methods.

In contrast, while team meetings, policy reviews, and communication protocols are all important elements within CRM and contribute to the overall safety and effectiveness of operations, they are not specifically tied to the execution phase. Team meetings typically focus on pre-flight or pre-operations discussions, policy reviews examine overarching guidelines, and communication protocols facilitate effective information exchange, but these do not directly pertain to the actions being taken during the execution phase itself.